Newsom signs landmark law requiring full disclosure of diaper chemicals

SACRAMENTO – Gov. Gavin Newsom today signed into law a bill that will give parents more information to protect their babies from harmful chemical exposures. The first-in-the-nation law requires manufacturers of children’s diapers sold, distributed or manufactured in California to fully disclose their ingredients on product packaging and online.

Assembly Bill 1901, authored by Assemblymember Marc Berman (D-Menlo Park), was co-sponsored by the Environmental Working Group, Consumer Reports, Children Now and the Center for Environmental Health.

“As new parents, my wife and I were shocked to see the lack of transparency about the ingredients used in the one product that is touching our son’s skin every hour of every day for the first few years of his life – his diapers,” said Berman.

“By requiring diaper manufacturers to disclose the ingredients they use, AB 1901 creates a new industry-wide standard of transparency for children’s diapers.

“Thanks to Governor Newsom signing AB 1901 into law, parents in California will now have the information they need to make the best choice for their child.” Berman added.

Newborns and toddlers especially vulnerable

The average child wears diapers for their first two to three years of life – without interruption for the first year or more – resulting in more than 8,000 diaper changes. Yet the federal government does not require disposable diapers to carry ingredient labels of any kind.

Manufacturers are not required to inform regulators about the chemicals used to make their diapers. Instead, they can hide dozens of chemicals behind umbrella terms like “fragrance,” “adhesives,” or “colors” – potentially toxic mystery cocktails. This situation has left parents with no way of knowing what chemicals sit against their baby’s skin day after day.

A Consumer Reports examination of 37 diaper products found that seven disclosed little to no ingredient information at all, underscoring the size of the problem AB 1901 is designed to address.

“A newborn’s skin is thinner, more permeable and still developing, which means it absorbs chemicals more readily than an adult’s does, and diapers are in constant contact with that skin, around the clock, for years,” said Sydney Swanson, a senior science analyst at EWG.

“Parents have had no way of knowing what their baby is being exposed to. Every hour of every day, an infant’s skin comes into contact with whatever industry decided not to tell us about. Parents can read a nutrition label or a shampoo label but not this,” she added. 

“Now diapers will include ingredient labels that are similar to labels required of other baby products,” Swanson said.

Chemicals found in diapers

Actress and activist Hilary Swank, who lobbied for AB 1901 alongside EWG, said she was moved to act after learning while pregnant with her twins that just because a product is marketed as safe doesn’t guarantee it actually is.

Recent tests have found diapers may contain volatile organic compounds and phthalates, linked to hormone disruption and reproductive and developmental harm. 

Research shows that quaternary ammonium compounds, or quats, sometimes used in wetness indicators, are linked to reproductive effects, skin irritation and asthma, as well as dyes and bleaching agents that can cause allergic reactions or skin and respiratory irritation. 

Because babies’ skin is thinner, more permeable and still developing, they are especially vulnerable to potential harms from these chemical exposures. 

Many children with special needs rely on diapers for years, prolonging the exposure risk. When manufacturers hide their ingredients, caregivers may feel fearful and sidelined. 

 “Transparency isn’t about causing fear but about replacing uncertainty with the facts parents need to protect their children,” said Susan Little, California legislative director. 

“And because an infant’s thin skin absorbs chemicals more easily, hidden ingredients like phthalates can trigger a lifetime of health challenges.

“We thank Gov. Newsom for prioritizing children’s health and signing this bill. California parents shouldn’t need a chemistry degree to buy a diaper. They deserve to know exactly what is touching their child’s skin, and disclosure is the essential first step to getting them that,” said Little.

Making baby products safer

California has already shown that more transparency about what’s in baby products can help spur changes that reduce hazardous ingredients and their health threats. 

After the state required public disclosure of results of heavy metal tests of baby food, in 2025, manufacturers responded by reducing heavy metal contamination levels in many product categories. 

AB 1901 applies that same principle to diapers while giving parents and caregivers more informed choices. With Newsom’s signature, it is now a landmark law requiring full diaper ingredient transparency. Online disclosure will begin on January 1, 2029, and disclosure on the package will begin July 1, 2029.

The new California law goes further than any existing state: New York’s 2023 law requires ingredient disclosure only on the package, while California’s new law requires manufacturers to disclose each ingredient’s name, its Chemical Abstract Service number and its specific function, both online and on packaging. 

The New York law that requires on-label disclosure of all diaper ingredients shows that greater transparency is achievable.

“Stronger regulation and full disclosure are needed, and that’s why we’re grateful this bill is now law to protect children’s health,” said Little. 

EWG has created a Guide to Safer Diapers to help parents and caregivers navigate the market in the meantime, and diapers earning the EWG Verified® mark meet our strict standards for ingredient transparency and health.

###

The Environmental Working Group is a nonprofit, non-partisan organization that empowers people to live healthier lives in a healthier environment. Through research, advocacy and unique education tools, EWG drives consumer choice and civic action.

Founded in 1936, Consumer Reports has a mission to create a fair and just marketplace for all. Widely known for our rigorous research and testing of products and services, we also survey millions of consumers each year, report extensively on marketplace issues, and advocate for consumer rights and protections around safety as well as digital rights, financial fairness, and sustainability. CR is independent and nonprofit.

The Center for Environmental Health believes everything people consume, from the water they drink to the toys their children handle, should put health first. We insist on laws and policies that protect the public from harm, work to make communities more aware of risks, and push to transform corporate behavior. CEH advances environmental health and justice for the greater good, from the courtroom to the boardroom.

Children Now harnesses collective power to achieve transformational and systemic results for California’s kids as one of the country’s most impactful kids’ nonprofits. Led by experienced policy and government relations teams spanning health, education, early childhood, child welfare, and a range of other areas, Children Now learns from kids and families where they need support and lift up solutions to policymakers with the power to act.